淮河流域5～6月降水的年际及年代际变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王然  于非  司广成 《海洋科学》2014,38(2):1-5

对淮河流域降水异常进行分析对于预测黄海绿潮具有重要意义。选取淮河流域10个站,长江流域15个站,通过对国家气象信息中心1951~2011年的逐月降水数据进行分析,研究淮河流域和长江流域5~6月平均降水异常。2000~2010年,淮河流域5~6月降水呈现增加趋势,与长江流域降水呈反位相变化。分别对淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与印度洋偶极子指数(Dipole Mode Index,DMI),以及太平洋年代际振荡(the Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数做相关性分析,结果表明:淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与6个月前的DMI指数达到最大正相关,与20个月前的北太平洋(20°N以北)SST呈现明显的负相关,与PDO指数达到最大负相关。这表明,PDO、DMI指数对淮河流域5~6月降水异常的年代际、年际变化具有明显的指示作用。  相似文献   

GPS信噪比观测值的土壤湿度变化趋势反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

敖敏思  胡友健  刘亚东  曾云  吴正 《测绘科学技术学报》2012,(2):140-143

土壤湿度变化趋势是某一个位置或区域内水资源循环的重要指标.多路径误差作为一种在导航、定位中的重要测量误差,由于其较弱的空间相关性,难以采用全球甚至区域性模型或差分的方法予以消除.在讨论和研究了多路径误差反射模型的基础上,实现了利用 GPS信噪比 SNR(Signal - to - NoiseRatio)观测值中的多路径反射分量对土壤湿度变化趋势的模拟.结合实测 GPS数据和土壤湿度计观测数据的对比和分析表明,该方法能反映土壤湿度变化趋势.同时,在计算过程中如何选择合适卫星、对反演结果质量进行评价以及如何实现两种观测结果之间的同化等是进一步需要研究的问题.  相似文献   

青藏高原夏季上空水汽含量演变特征及其与降水的关系(英文)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周顺武  吴萍  王传辉  韩军彩 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(5):795-809

By using the observed monthly mean temperature and humidity datasets of 14 radiosonde stations and monthly mean precipitation data of 83 surface stations from 1979 to 2008 over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),the relationship between the atmospheric water vapor(WV) and precipitation in summer and the precipitation conversion efficiency(PEC) over the TP are analyzed.The results are obtained as follows.(1) The summer WV decreases with increasing altitude,with the largest value area observed in the northeastern part of the TP,and the second largest value area in the southeastern part of the TP,while the northwestern part is the lowest value area.The summer precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest.(2) The summer WV presents two main patterns based on the EOF analysis:the whole region consistent-type and the north-south opposite-type.The north-south opposite-type of the summer WV is similar to the first EOF mode of the summer precipitation and both of their zero lines are located to the north of the Tanggula Mountains.(3) The summer precipitation is more(less) in the southern(northern) TP in the years with the distribution of deficient summer WV in the north while abundant in the south,and vice versa.(4) The PEC over the TP is between 3% and 38% and it has significant spatial difference in summer,which is obviously bigger in the southern TP than that in the northern TP.  相似文献   

近半个世纪来气候变暖背景下黄河流域潜在蒸散量的变化(英文)     

马雪宁  张明军  李亚举  王圣杰  马潜  刘文莉 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):977-988

According to the meteorological observation data of 72 stations from 1960 to 2010 in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Watershed, China, the long-term variations of potential evapotranspiration, calculated in the modified Penman-Monteith model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, were presented, as well as the meteorological causes for the decrease of potential evapotranspiration were discussed. Since 1960, temperature has risen significantly and potential evapotranspiration a decreasing trend, which indicated the existence of "Evaporation paradox" in the Huanghe River Watershed. This phenomenon was not consistent spatially or temporally with the increase of temperature, potential evapotranspiration decreased in spring, summer and winter, mainly over most parts of Shanxi and Henan, and some parts of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. During the recent half century, the trends of temperature and potential evapotranspiration were negatively correlated at most of the stations, while precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exhibited a contrary trend. Calculated in multiple regressions, the contribution to potential evapotranspiration change of related meteorological factors was discussed, including mean pressure, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity and average wind speed. The decrease of wind speed in the Huanghe River Watershed may be the dominating factor causing potential evapotranspiration decreasing.  相似文献   

近50年来淮河流域极端降水的时空变化及统计特征(英文)     

夏军  佘敦先  张永勇  杜鸿 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(2):195-208

Based on the daily precipitation data of 27 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2009 in the Huaihe River Basin, spatio-temporal trend and statistical distribution of extreme precipitation events in this area are analyzed. Annual maximum series (AM) and peak over threshold series (POT) are selected to simulate the probability distribution of extreme precipitation. The results show that positive trend of annual maximum precipitation is detected at most of used stations, only a small number of stations are found to depict a negative trend during the past five decades, and none of the positive or negative trend is significant. The maximum precipitation event almost occurred in the flooding period during the 1960s and 1970s. By the L-moments method, the parameters of three extreme distributions, i.e., Generalized extreme value distribution (GEV), Generalized Pareto distribution (GP) and Gamma distribution are estimated. From the results of goodness of fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, AM series can be better fitted by GEV model and POT series can be better fitted by GP model. By the comparison of the precipitation amounts under different return levels, it can be found that the values obtained from POT series are a little larger than the values from AM series, and they can better simulate the observed values in the Huaihe River Basin.  相似文献   

三江平原气温降水变化分析——以建三江垦区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏晓丹  栾兆擎  张雪萍 《地理研究》2012,31(7):1248-1256

气温及降水与人类生产生活密切联系,其变化必然会对生态系统和社会经济等产生重大影响。利用三江平原建三江垦区15个农场气象站1965～2002年气温和降水资料,运用气候趋势系数和一元回归分析法进行气候变化分析。结果表明:近40年来本区气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温以0.50℃/10a幅度升高,不同季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,且冬季增幅最大,达0.82℃/10a。气温升高存在显著的区域差异,最大的增温中心位于南部边缘,气温倾向率大于0.60℃/10a。降水趋势性变化不显著,但仍呈弱减少趋势,年降水量倾向率为-1.90mm/10a,四季降水量以秋季减少最为显著。在此基础上进行气候突变分析,结果表明气温突变出现在1987年,降水突变出现在1980年和1997年,但降水突变不明显。研究三江平原建三江垦区的气候变化对于保障区域粮食安全具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

基于小波分析的汾河河津站径流与输沙的多时间尺度特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘宇峰  孙虎  原志华 《地理科学》2012,(6):764-770

基于汾河流域19个气象台站1959~2005年的月均降水量、河津站的径流量和输沙量资料,借助小波分析方法研究了降水、径流与输沙序列的多时间尺度特征及它们的耦合关系。结果表明:降水、径流与输沙量具有2~4a、14~18 a左右2个不同尺度的周期变化,且三者的主周期基本一致,即3 a和16 a;3 a尺度上,3个要素曲线的正、负位相交替频繁,突变点较多,且曲线变化除个别时段发生紊乱外基本上保持同步性;16 a尺度上,突变点较少,3条曲线的正、负位相交替相应减少且出现不同步现象。降水、径流与输沙量曲线发生趋势变化及出现不同步现象的原因包括自然因素和人类活动,而后者是其主要影响因素。  相似文献   

SWAT模型在伊犁河上游缺资料区的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陆志翔  蔡晓慧  邹松兵  龙爱华  许宝荣 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):399-407

 在分布式水文模型中,探索产生分布式降水数据的方法是该领域研究的热点之一,发展基于水文物理过程的模型校准方法是实践PUB的热点与难点。基于SWAT分布式水文模型,以资料稀缺的伊犁河上游为研究区域,针对流域的水资源评价关键问题,首先准确描述区域的降水空间分布特征,并基于流域水文过程采用综合流域特征、多时间尺度、多变量和多站点的适宜性模型校准新方法,取得了满意的模拟结果,表明模型较好地再现了流域的水文过程。另外,完善水文机理研究,提高降水及下垫面相关参数的观测水平是改善模型模拟的有效途径。  相似文献   

基于小波与R/S方法的汉江中下游流域降水量时间序列分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

潘雅婧  王仰麟  彭建  沈虹  刘小茜 《地理研究》2012,31(5):811-820

基于汉江中下游流域9个国家气象站1961～2006年的降水数据,综合采用Morlet小波分析、小波分解和R/S分析方法,对流域降水量周期和未来趋势进行分析及预测。研究结果表明:汉江中下游流域年降水量存在5年左右的短周期和10～15年的中长周期;部分气象站可能存在40年左右长周期,需要更长的时间序列验证。基于通过小波分解提取的历史降水量变化趋势,进一步结合R/S分析表明,汉江中下游流域降水量时间序列总体上存在比较明显的赫斯特现象,未来该流域面临较大的防洪压力。  相似文献   

Observational and Modeling Studies of Impacts of the South China Sea Monsoon on the Monsoon Rainfall in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River During Summer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

JIN Lijun  ZHAO Ping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):176-188

Based on the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the NOAA Climate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of precipitation(CMAP),and the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model version 3(MM5v3),we defined a monsoon intensity index over the East Asian tropical region and analyzed the impacts of summer(June-July) South China Sea(SCS) monsoon anomaly on monsoon precipitation over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLRYR) using both observational data analysis and numerical simulation methods.The results from the data analysis show that the interannual variations of the tropical monsoon over the SCS are negatively correlated with the southwesterly winds and precipitation over the MLRYR during June-July.Corresponding to stronger(weaker) tropical monsoon and precipitation,the southwesterly winds are weaker(stronger) over the MLRYR,with less(more) local precipitation.The simulation results further exhibit that when changing the SCS monsoon intensity,there are significant variations of monsoon and precipitation over the MLRYR.The simulated anomalies generally consist with the observations,which verifies the impact of the tropical monsoon on the monsoon precipitation over the MLRYR.This impact might be supported by certain physical processes.Moreover,when the tropical summer monsoon is stronger,the tropical anomalous westerly winds and positive precipitation anomalies usually maintain in the tropics and do not move northward into the MLRYR,hence the transport of water vapor toward southern China is weakened and the southwest flow and precipitation over southern China are also attenuated.On the other hand,the strengthened tropical monsoon may result in the weakening and southward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high through self-adjustment of the atmospheric circulation,leading to the weakening of the monsoon flows and precipitation over the MLRYR.  相似文献